Diplomarbeit: Optical See-Through HMD Calibration

Student: Sven Hennauer
Supervisor: Dipl.Inf. Martin Bauer
Professor: Prof. Gudrun Klinker, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Nassir Navab
Submission date: 15. Juli 2005

Abstract

Augmented reality (AR) applications enhance the user ’s view of the real world with ad- ditional computer-generated information. Typical display devices in AR systems are head- mounted displays (HMDs) which allow the user to be independent from stationary monitors and thus make it possible to move around freely while working with the system. In order to be able to display the virtual information at the correct location in the HMD, it has to be calibrated before it can be used effectively. While video see-through HMD calibration exhibits no major difficulties, calibrating optical see-through displays is more complicated for several reasons. Since the calibration basically has to be conducted for each person individually and whenever the user starts working with the AR application, fast and user-friendly calibration procedures are crucial for the acceptance of such systems. This thesis introduces the formal foundations and their implications of HMD calibration in general and optical see-through calibration in particular. Afterwards, several approaches and specific methods for the calibration of optical see-through HMDs are presented. With the calibration procedures SPAAM and EasySPAAM on the one hand and DRC on the other hand, two fundamentally different methods are analyzed in detail. These approaches are compared with respect to their accuracy and effectiveness by means of a user study and de- tailed analyses. Finally, some modifications and their impact on the accuracy are described. The purpose of this thesis is to give an overview of current calibration methods for optical see-through HMDs as well as to depict their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, it is supposed to assist the reader in choosing the appropriate approach for his specific applica- tion and to give hints for future developments.

Literature

• Mihran Tuceryan, Yakup Genc, Nassir Navab
  Single-Point Active Alignment Method (SPAAM) for Optical See-Through HMD Calibration for Augmented Reality
  Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments 11 (3) pp 259-276
• Y. Genc, M. Tuceryan, and N. Navab
  Practical Solutions for Calibration of Optical See-Through Devices.
  International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR ’02), Oct 2002.
• Arthur Tang, Ji Zhou and Charles Owen
  Evaluation of Calibration Methods for Optical See-through Head-Mounted Displays,
  Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2003), Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 2003
• N. Navab, S. Zokai, Y. Genc and E. Coelho
  An On-line Evaluation System for Optical See-through Augmented Reality,
  Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004.
• Charles B. Owen, Ji Zhou, Arthur Tang, and Fan Xiao
  Display-Relative Calibration for Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays,
  Proceedings of the Third IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR 2004), Arlington, VA, Nov. 2004
• Roger Y. Tsai
  A Versatile Camera Calibration Technique for High-Accuracy 3D Machine Vision Metrology Using Off-the-Shelf TV Cameras and Lenses,
  IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, Vol. RA-3, No. 4, August 1987
• Henning Schaefer
  Kalibrierungen für Augmented Reality,
  Diplomarbeit, TU Berlin, November 2003

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