E. Moult, C. Burdette, D. Song, G. Fichtinger, P. Fallavollita Implicit active contours for automatic brachytherapy seed segmentation in fluoroscopy SPIE Medical Imaging, San Diego, California, USA, February 2012 (bib)
	In prostate brachytherapy, intraoperative dosimetry requires clear information describing the three-dimensional position of the seeds deposited within the prostate. We propose a robust and fully-automatic seed segmentation of brachytherapy implants by utilizing a region-based implicit active contour approach. Overlapping seed clusters are then resolved using a simple yet effective de-clustering technique. A total of 248 clinical C-arm images from 16 patients were used to validate the proposed algorithm resulting in a 98.4% automatic detection rate with a corresponding 2.5% false-positive rate. The overall mean centroid error between the manual and automatic segmentations was measured to be 0.42 pixels.
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